Understand Base64 Encoding with Diagrams

A bet between Jon and Kevin.

A Story

Jon and Kevin are good friends. One day, Jon saw Kevin was writing. So Jon went over to talk with Kevin.

After that, Kevin showed Jon what he had just written:

Okay, dear reader, which one of Jon and Kevin do you think can win this bet?

Background

Before formally analyzing this problem, let’s add some background knowledge.

1. Base

Numbers can be expressed in different bases such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, and they can be converted into each other. The relationship between them is as follows: